Organizational and Environmental Framework of Smart Cities, Universities and Buildings

Cities are complex forms of organizations. The phenomenon of smart cities (SC), smart universities (SU) and smart buildings (SB) is expanding and information systems constitute organizational frameworks for this development. In this chapter, we will come back on the evolutionary approach of SC and develop what is at stake. Then we will explain why technology enables a more sustainable response to urbanization challenges. We will describe living laboratories and SU experiences. Finally, we will address an important building block of this ecosystem, which is SB.