Development and application of metal-organic framework@GA based on solid-phase extraction coupling with UPLC-MS/MS for the determination of five NSAIDs in water

Abstract MIL-101(Cr) and graphene aerogel (GA) were hybridized as a multifunctional adsorbent for the preconcentration of trace analytes. The novel MIL-101(Cr)@GA was prepared and characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM, where GA is serving as a carrier for MIL-101(Cr). The synthesized composite as a solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent combined with UPLC-MS/MS was applied for the determination and quantification of five NSAIDs (phenacetin, meloxicam, naproxen, diclofenac sodium and carprofen) in different environmental water samples. The parameters influencing the whole extraction process were systematically optimized. Under the most favorable. conditions, good sensitivity was achieved with a limit of detection between 0.006 and 0.012 ng⋅mL-1, the linear range of 0.02-2 ng⋅mL-1 for phenacetin, meloxicam and 0.05-5 ng⋅mL-1 for naproxen, diclofenac sodium, carprofen (r2 ≥ 0.9940). The satisfactory recoveries of the target analytes were in the range from 77.2 to 103.3% with relative standard deviation (RSD) from 0.6% to 8.4%. The established method was proved to be simple, highly sensitive and accurate. The adsorbent could be reusable up to nine cycles without any decrease in performance, which provides economic strategy and little waste generation. Adsorption behaviors were explored by choosing two typical types of NSAIDs as models to measure the adsorption capacity of MIL-101(Cr)@GA. The maximum adsorption capacities for PHE and NAP were 232.5 and 333.3 mg⋅g-1, respectively.