Crystal structure of a transcription factor, GerE (PaGerE), from spore-forming bacterium Paenisporosarcina sp. TG-14.

Abstract In cold and harsh environments such as glaciers and sediments in ice cores, microbes can survive by forming spores. Spores are composed of a thick coat protein, which protects against external factors such as heat-shock, high salinity, and nutrient deficiency. GerE is a key transcription factor involved in spore coat protein expression in the mother cell during sporulation. GerE regulates transcription during the late sporulation stage by directly binding to the promoter of cotB gene. Here, we report the crystal structure of Pa GerE at 2.09 A resolution from Paenisporosarcina sp. TG-14, which was isolated from the Taylor glacier. The Pa GerE structure is composed of four α-helices and adopts a helix-turn-helix architecture with 68 amino acid residues. Based on our DNA binding analysis, the Pa GerE binds to the promoter region of CotB to affect protein expression. Additionally, our structural comparison studies suggest that DNA binding by Pa GerE causes a conformational change in the α4-helix region, which may strongly induce dimerization of Pa GerE.