Pesquisas em serviços ecossistêmicos e ambientais na paisagem rural do Brasil (Ecosystem and environmental services researches in rural landscape in Brazil)

Pressoes antropicas sobre os ecossistemas causam degradacao dos recursos naturais e reducao da biodiversidade, com reflexos ao bem estar humano, demandando de forma crescente agua, ar, fibras, alimentos, energia e materia-prima. Em um cenario de alteracoes climaticas, portanto, a preocupacao com este tema aponta para a compatibilizacao dos componentes economicos, sociais e ambientais. Muitos foram os dados obtidos por instituicoes de pesquisa, ensino, governamentais e nao governamentais acerca dos recursos naturais nas ultimas decadas nos biomas brasileiros, mas sem um foco conceitual e metodologico voltado aos servicos ecossistemicos. A partir da Avaliacao Ecossistemica do Milenio estao em ascensao pesquisas voltadas ao entendimento dos servicos ecossistemicos e ambientais mundialmente, assim como no Brasil. A Embrapa tambem tem acompanhado esta tendencia e desde 2014 conta com uma rede de pesquisa intitulada Arranjo em Servicos Ambientais na Paisagem Rural, com mais de 60 projetos vinculados. O proposito do presente artigo e apresentar o estado da arte da pesquisa sobre servicos ecossistemicos e ambientais relacionados a agropecuaria no Brasil, com destaque para o trabalho dessa rede; identificar as suas principais oportunidades e desafios e os resultados potenciais a serem obtidos para a ampliacao dos servicos ambientais no meio rural. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";} Human pressures have caused degradation of natural resources and reduction of biodiversity on the planet, with serious consequences to humanity, which demands so increasing water, air, fibers, food, energy and raw material. It is needed to reconcile economic, social and environmental components in a scenario of climate change. Therefore, concern about this issue increases in all sectors of society. Many data were obtained about natural resources in recent decades in the Brazilian biomes, by research institutions, education, government and non-government, but without a conceptual and methodological focus turned to ecosystem services. From the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment researches aiming at understanding ecosystem and environmental services have been increased worldwide, as well as in Brazil. Embrapa has also followed this trend and in 2014 approved a Projects Arrangement entitled Environmental Services in Rural landscape with over 60 related projects. The purpose of this article is to present the state of the art of researches on ecosystem and environmental services related to agriculture in Brazil, especially at Embrapa SE network; to identify key opportunities and challenges of a research network on this subject and the potential results to be obtained for the expansion of environmental services in rural areas. Keywords: ecosystem studies, decision support tools, research network, ES projects arrangement.