The effect of platform switching on stress distribution in implants and periimplant bone studied by nonlinear finite element analysis

Statement of problem It is unknown whether dental implant systems with a platform-switched configuration have better periimplant bone stress distribution and lead to less periimplant bone level changes. Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate interfacial stress and stress distribution in implant bone in 2 implant abutment designs (platform-switched design and conventional diameter matching) by using a nonlinear finite element analysis method. Material and methods A finite element simulation study was applied to 2 commercially available dental implant systems: the Ankylos implant system with a reduced-diameter abutment (platform-switched implant) and the Anthogyr implant system with an abutment of the same diameter (regular platform implant). These 2 dental implant systems were positioned in a bone block, which was constructed based on a cross-sectional image of a human mandible in the molar region. In simulation, a single vertical load of 50 N, 100 N, or 150 N and horizontal loads of 50 N and 100 N were applied to the occlusal surface of the abutment. Results The finite element analysis found that the Ankylos implant system has a higher maximum von Mises stress in the implant abutment connection section and a lower maximum von Mises stress in the periimplant bone. The opposite results were found in the Anthogyr implant system. Conclusions Lower stress levels in the periimplant bone with a more uniform stress distribution were found for the Ankylos implant system with a platform-switched configuration. Although relatively higher stress was found in the abutment, premature implant failure is not anticipated because of the high strength of titanium alloy.