A CASE FOR INDUSTRIAL POLICY? FORECAST RESULTS FROM A DISAGGREGATED BOP-CONSTRAINED GROWTH MODEL FOR BRAZILIAN ECONOMY (2016-2025) // UM CASO PARA POLÍTICA INDUSTRIAL? RESULTADOS DE PREVISÕES PARA A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA (2016-2025) A PARTIR DE UM MODELO DESAGREGADO DE CRESCIMENTO RESTRINGIDO PELO BP

2021 
ABSTRACT: The article aimed to forecast the Brazilian economy’s growth potential in the 2016-2025 period, assuming the absence of changes in industrial policy. It is based on a formal growth model constrained by the balance of payments (BOP) developed by the authors and disaggregated into three sectors (farming, industry, and services). All its parameters were econometrically estimated, including those of the world economy relevant to the Brazilian economy’s performance. Assuming that the current macroeconomic management “tripod” was maintained in the country, the basic interest rate and exchange rate policy were calibrated to generate the maximum growth rate allowed by the external constraint compatible with the maintenance of inflation in target each year. Forecasts were also made about the performance of the three sectors’ key variables, resulting from such calibration. Forecasted potential GDP and productivity growth were low (even by recent historical standards) and decreasing over time, with slower growth in the industrial sector than in other ones. The results revealed the critical importance of the industrial sector for such performance, suggesting that an efficient industrial policy could significantly increase the Brazilian economy’s growth potential. ===================================== RESUMO: O artigo teve como objetivo projetar o potencial de crescimento da economia brasileira no periodo 2016-2025, supondo a ausencia de modificacoes na politica industrial. Parte-se de um modelo formal de crescimento restringido pelo balanco de pagamentos (BP) desenvolvido pelos autores e desagregado em tres setores (agropecuaria, industria e servicos). Todos seus parâmetros foram econometricamente estimados, inclusive os da economia mundial relevantes para o desempenho da economia brasileira. Pressuposta a manutencao do atual “tripe” de gestao macroeconomica vigente no pais, calibrou-se a taxa de juros basica e a politica cambial de modo a gerar a taxa maxima de crescimento permitida pela restricao externa compativel com a manutencao da inflacao na meta a cada ano. Foram tambem geradas projecoes acerca do desempenho das variaveis-chave dos tres setores, decorrentes de tal calibragem. As projecoes de crescimento do PIB potencial e da produtividade foram baixas (mesmo para padroes historicos recentes) e decrescentes no tempo, com crescimento mais lento no setor industrial do que nos demais setores. Os resultados revelaram a importância critica do setor industrial para tal desempenho, sugerindo que uma politica industrial eficiente poderia aumentar significativamente o potencial de crescimento da economia brasileira.
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