Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies

Agricultural production is low in many parts of the world which is subjected to limited adaptability toward adverse events. Climate change (CC) is estimated to decrease productivity on even lower levels and has made production more inconsistent. Many countries all over the world have planned to accept climate smart agriculture (CSA) approach to make improvements in agriculture. The CSA refers to a combined set of technologies and practices that simultaneously improve farm productivity as well as monetary return, enhance adaptability to CC, and minimize the emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG). The concept of CSA is gaining significance at national and international levels to cope with future challenges of the agricultural-related plannings. The CSA is a notion that calls for the combination of the need of adaptability to CC and strategies for mitigation in agriculture to ensure food security. For instance, strategies like the use of renewable energy for agriculture, i.e., pyrolysis units, solar panels, windmills, as well as water pumps are very vital for food production. The concept of CSA comprehends three major stakes (productivity, adaptation, and mitigation), but the literature has not fully addressed them in an integrated way. Adaptation and productivity were of prime importance for poor and under developing countries, while mitigation was mainly addressed in developed countries. The utmost challenge for policymakers and stakeholders to operationalize CSA is the identification, assessment (cost-benefit ratio), as well as subsequent ordering of CSA options and portfolios for investment. The aims of CSA are to sustainably increase farmer’s resilience, improve agricultural productivity, achieve food security and sustainable development goals in addition to reduce emissions of GHG.