Consumo crónico de edulcorantes en ratones; efecto sobre el sistema inmunitario y la microbiota del intestino delgado

Introduction: Sweeteners are additives that are consumed in food. They can be natural (sucrose and stevia) or artificial (sucralose). Currently they are consumed routinely, in multiple products and their effects on the mucosa of the small intestine and the microbiota of this site are still controversial. Objective: To relate the consumption of sweeteners and their effect on the immune system and the microbiota of the small intestine in CD1 mice. Materials and methods: 54 CD1 mice, 3 weeks old, divided into 3 groups were used. A group of 3 weeks without treatment, a group treated for 6 weeks and a group treated for 12 weeks. Sucrose, sucralose, and stevia were administered. From the small intestine, CD19+ B lymphocytes, IgA+, TGF-, IL-12 and IL-17 cells were obtained from Peyer's patches and lamina propria. From intestinal solids, DNA was obtained to identify bacterial species. Results: The consumption of sucrose and sucralose, after 12 weeks, caused a reduction in bacterial communities, with an increase in CD19+ and a decrease in IgA+ and TGF-b, an increase in IL-12 and IL-17 in the Peyer's patches. With increase of all parameters in the lamina propria. In contrast, stevia improved bacterial diversity, the percentage of CD19+ lymphocytes, with little increase in IgA+ and TGF-b, and IL-17, but with a decrease in IL-17. Conclusion: Sucrose and sucralose negatively altered bacterial diversity and immune parameters after 12 weeks, in contrast stevia was beneficial for the intestinal mucosa.