The Beginning of Renewal and Religious Reform in Indonesia: Tawḥīd Purification

This article discusses religious reforms and reforms in Indonesia which are linked to the forerunner to the birth of Muhammadiyah. Using a library survey, this article found that the reform movement in Indonesia began to occur in the early 20th century and could not be separated from the birth of Muhammadiyah. In this context, the renewal of Islam in Indonesia through Muhammadiyah is inseparable from the thoughts of Middle Eastern figures, such as Ibn Taymiyah and Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab, especially in the aspect of creed (tawḥīd) in the form of purification.This article presents the idea that renewal and reform are a dynamic movement and is still needed in the context of national development as a form of continuity of awareness in modern society.