Epigenetic regulation of kidney progenitor cells.

The reciprocal interactions among the different embryonic kidney progenitor populations lay the basis for proper kidney organogenesis. During kidney development, three types of progenitor cells, including nephron progenitor cells, ureteric bud progenitor cells, and interstitial progenitor cells, generate the three major kidney structures-the nephrons, the collecting duct network, and the stroma, respectively. Epigenetic mechanisms are well recognized for playing important roles in organism development, in fine-tuned control of physiological activities, and in responses to environment stimuli. Recently, evidence supporting the importance of epigenetic mechanisms underlying kidney organogenesis is emerging. In this perspective, we summarize the research progress and discuss the potential contribution of novel stem cell, organoid, and next-generation sequencing tools in advancing this field in the future.