Tame fundamental groups of pure pairs and Abhyankar's lemma
2019
Let $(R,\mathfrak{m}, k)$ be a strictly local normal $k$-domain of positive characteristic and $P$ a prime divisor on $X=\mathrm{Spec}(R)$. We study the Galois category of finite covers over $X$ that are tamely ramified with respect to $P$ in the sense of A.~Grothendieck and J.P.~Murre. Assuming that $(X,P)$ is a purely $F$-regular pair, our main result is that every Galois cover $f \: Y \to X$ in that Galois category satisfies that $\bigl(f^{-1}(P)\bigr)_{\mathrm{red}}$ is a prime divisor. We shall explain why this should be thought as a (partial) generalization of a classical theorem due to S.S.~Abhyankar regarding the \'etale-local structure of tamely ramified covers between normal schemes with respect to a divisor with normal crossings. Additionally, we investigate the formal consequences this result has on the structure of the fundamental group representing the Galois category. We also obtain a characteristic zero analog by reduction to positive characteristics following Bhatt--Gabber--Olsson's methods.
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