An efficient numerical technique based on the extended cubic B-spline functions for solving time fractional Black–Scholes model

Financial theory could introduce a fractional differential equation (FDE) that presents new theoretical research concepts, methods and practical implementations. Due to the memory factor of fractional derivatives, physical pathways with storage and inherited properties can be best represented by FDEs. For that purpose, reliable and effective techniques are required for solving FDEs. Our objective is to generalize the collocation method for solving time fractional Black–Scholes European option pricing model using the extended cubic B-spline. The key feature of the strategy is that it turns these type of problems into a system of algebraic equations which can be appropriate for computer programming. This is not only streamlines the problems but speed up the computations as well. The Fourier stability and convergence analysis of the scheme are examined. A proposed numerical scheme having second-order accuracy via spatial direction is also constructed. The numerical and graphical results indicate that the suggested approach for the European option prices agree well with the analytical solutions.