Análisis de los factores relacionados con el tiempo prehospitalario en la atención al ictus

espanolObjetivo. Identificar factores que influyen en el tiempo prehospitalario (TPH) en pacientes que presentan un ictus. Metodo. Se realizo una revision sistematica de la literatura en 6 bases de datos. Se seleccionaron estudios descriptivos, publicados entre 1995 y 2019, en ingles, portugues o castellano, que identificasen factores que influyen en el TPH en pacientes que han padecido un ictus. Resultados. Se analizaron 101 articulos. Se identificaron factores relacionados con el marco temporal en la atencion prehospitalaria del ictus, que se clasificaron en sociodemograficos, clinicos, contextuales, cognitivos y conductuales. El aviso inmediato al sistema de emergencias medicas (SEM) fue el principal factor que redujo el TPH; ser derivado desde otro centro sanitario se relaciono con un mayor TPH. Conclusion. El TPH depende de factores inherentes al paciente y a su entorno. Es necesario el desarrollo de estrategias educativas que incidan sobre dichos factores, especialmente sobre la importancia de reconocer los sintomas iniciales del ictus y del aviso inmediato al SEM. EnglishObjective. To identify factors that affect prehospital time (PHT) for patients with stroke. Methods. Systematic review. We searched 6 databases to select descriptive studies of factors influencing PHT in stroke. The studies selected were published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish between 1995 and 2019. Results. One hundred one articles were analyzed. Sociodemographic, clinical, contextual, cognitive, and behavioral data related to PHT in patients with stroke were identified. Calling the emergency medical services (EMS) immediately after onset of stroke symptoms was the main factor associated with a shorter PHT. Referral from another hospital was associated with a longer PHT. Conclusions. PHT is affected by factors inherent to patients and the setting for the event. Educational strategies should be developed to address relevant factors, especially regarding the importance of recognizing the onset of a stroke and calling the EMS immediately.