A square patch antenna loaded with wrench-shaped tuning rings for CNSS applications with GPS

For CNSS applications, this letter presents a square patch antenna loaded with a pair of wrench-shaped tuning rings on the diagonal position. The loaded tuning ring, which can apparently enhance the bandwidth and gain of the proposed antenna by adjusting orthogonal radiation arrays, consists of a triangle corner cut, a rectangular arm slot and a C-shaped groove. The simulation of the designed antenna and the measurement of the fabricated prototype, based on a dielectric substrate with thickness of 3.0 mm, relative permittivity of 3.0, is in good agreement. The results show that the bandwidth reaches 63 MHz at 1.616 GHz, and the enhancement of the bandwidth by 110% contrasted to that of normal patch antennas assures CNSS applications compatible with GPS.