Experiments, observations, and group psychology

Abstract In this paper I interpret the debate between experimental and observational approaches to science as an example of human group psychology. According to this interpretation, this debate reflects our mutually reinforcing tendencies to cooperate within groups and compete between groups. As within-group identity solidifies, out-groups and their ideas may be increasingly problematized and dismissed. This dynamic can make it difficult to maintain scientifically productive discourses between groups that differ in their approaches to knowledge production. I discuss possible workarounds that take this group psychology into account in order to better facilitate increased understanding between intellectually distinct groups, ultimately supporting more effective mixed methods approaches to development and science.