AAPNES: A Petri Net expert system realization of adaptive autonomy in smart grid

Interaction of human and computer agents should be harmonized by adapting the automation level of the IT systems to maintain a high performance for the system in changing environmental conditions. This research presents an expert system for the realization of adaptive autonomy (AA), using Petri Net (PN), referred to as AAPNES, based on practical list of environmental conditions and superior experts' judgments. As revealed by the results, the presented AAPNES can effectively determine the proper level of automation for changing the performance shaping factors of the human-automation interaction systems in the smart grid.