Francophones, Multiculturalism and Interculturalism in Canada, Quebec and Europe

Multiculturalism is linked to Canada and Will Kymlicka, interculturalism to Gerard Bouchard, Quebec and the ‘Commission on Reasonable Accommodation’. Both thinkers, although diverging in their approach, foster a liberal democratic approach linked to Human Rights. Tariq Modood contextualizes multiculturalism within Islamic minorities in the United Kingdom. Christian Joppke discusses multiculturalism in the context of Europe. Last but not the least, the Canadian Doug Saunders presents the situation of migrants in slums and suburbs and suggests to put together economic well-being and multiculturalism. By comparing these different perspectives, and with an emphasis on Francophones, the chapter underscores the fact that, until now, thinkers did not consider sufficiently the impact of economic integration and educational credentials on the dynamics of recognition within the knowledge-based society.