Social Environment: Interpersonal Violence

Social determinants of health, which can be protective or risk factors, influence the preconception period and therefore the health of future children and generations. These factors cover a wide range such as housing, working conditions, socio-economic status, exposure to noise or air pollution, safety, poverty, or interpersonal and sexual violence. Violence against women is experienced by millions of women and girls all around the world and can occur from prebirth to old age. Violence against women and girls is a fundamental violation of women’s rights and is grounded in power inequalities, which are based on harmful and strict gender norms justifying male dominance and control over women.