Sea transport of irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes

Whilst most aspects of the transport of radioactive materials are fully regulated by the International Atomic Energy Agency transport regulations, sea transport of irradiated nuclear fuels (INF), high-level waste (HLW) and plutonium is governed by an additional set of regulations – the INF code. This chapter examines the requirements of vessels to comply with the INF code and considers related operational, regulatory, safety and security aspects of the shipment of INF and other radioactive materials by sea. It also addresses nuclear liability and international relations for sea transport.