Microbiome of the Lower Genital Tract in Chinese Women with Endometriosis by 16s rRNA Sequencing Technique: A Pilot Study

Background Endometriosis is a benign, chronic, gynecological disease which affect the women in reproductive age. The dysfunction of immune system is associated with endometriosis and the diversity of microbiota in genital tract. According to previous studies, microbiota significantly contributes to multi-systemic function, but the evidence of relationship between microbiota and endometriosis remains insufficient. Methods There are 68 participants were included in this study and 134 samples obtained from the cervical canal, posterior fornix and uterine cavity were analyzed by 16s-rRNA sequencing. The raw data was filtered, analyzed, and visualized, and bio-information methods were used to identify the characteristics of microbiota. Results Two different locations near the cervix, cervical canal, and posterior fornix, exhibited no differences in alpha diversity. The microbiota profile of adenomyosis with endometriosis patients is different from control group through PCoA. Among the different disease groups, five microbiotas were distinctive in the genus level, and Atopobium presented with the greatest significance in adenomyoisis-endometriosis patients. The LeFSe analysis failed to identify the special biomarkers, while several characteristic functions were identified through PICRUSt. Conclusions Lactobacillus is the predominant genus in the female lower genital tract, and Atopobium is higher in patients with endometriosis combined with adenomyosis. Several different functions of microbiota were explored, some of them are found to be associated with endometriosis or adenomyosis, other functions are needed to be further verified. These findings may provide a new concept of microbiota/immune system/endometriosis system.