Association of accelerometer-derived step volume and intensity with hospitalizations and mortality in older adults: A prospective cohort study.

Background To examine the associations of accelerometer-derived steps volume and intensity with hospitalizations and all-cause mortality in older adults. Methods This prospective cohort study involved 768 community-dwelling Spanish older adults (78.8 ± 4.9 years, mean ± SD; 53.9% females) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging (2012-2017). The number of steps per day and step cadence (steps/min) were derived from a hip-mounted accelerometer worn for at least four days at baseline. Participants were followed up over a mean period of 3.1 years for hospitalization and 5.7 years for all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the individual and joint associations between daily steps and stepping intensity with hospitalizations and all-cause mortality. Results Included participants walked 5835 ± 3445 steps/day (mean ± SD) with a intensity 7.3 ± 4.1 steps/min. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education, income, marital status and comorbidities, higher step count (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.95 95% confidence intervals (95%CI: 0.90-1.00), and HR = 0.87 (95%CI: 0.81-0.95) per additional 1,000 steps) and higher step intensity (HR = 0.95 (95%CI: 0.91-0.99), and HR = 0.89 (95%CI: 0.84-0.95) per each additional step/min) were associated with lower hospitalizations and all-cause mortality risk, respectively. Compared to the group having low step volume and intensity, individuals in the group having high step volume and intensity had a lower risk of hospitalization (HR = 0.72 (95%CI: 0.52-0.98)) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.60 (95%CI: 0.37-0.98)). Conclusion Among older adults, both high step volume and step intensity were significantly associated with lower hospitalization and all-cause mortality risk. Increasing step volume and intensity may benefit older people.