Production of monoclonal antibodies for measuring Avastin and its biosimilar by Sandwich ELISA

Abstract The development of Bevacizumab (Avastin) biosimilar products has grown rapidly over the last ten years as the original Avastin's patent will expire soon. The approval of Avastin biosimilars requires the demonstration of similarity between the biosimilar and the reference product. To support pre-clinical and clinical studies, pharmacokinetic (PK) assays are required to measure the biosimilar and Avastin with comparable precision and accuracy. The PK assay of Avastin employed by Genentech was a Sandwich ELISA which could detect the total drug concentration. However, it was developed in-house and not commercially available. Therefore, in most of the Avastin biosimilar pre-clinical studies, the antibody drug concentrations were measured using an indirect ELISA against coated VEGF, which could only measure the free instead of the total antibody drugs. It failed the essential requirement to develop the biosimilars. In this study, we reported the generation of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically recognize Avastin in a VEGF non-competitive manner. Using a pair of non-VEGF competing anti-Avastin mAbs, a Sandwich ELISA was developed with a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) at 400 ng/mL and upper limit of quantitation (ULOQ) at 12800 ng/mL. The assay validation was carried out with serum samples from monkey treated with Avastin biosimilar at seven different time points. Our data showed that the Sandwich ELISA kit we developed is sensitive, simple, reproducible and ready for use in human clinical trials.