Open innovation at the national level: Towards a global innovation system

Abstract This study addresses the issue of international technology collaboration by proposing a framework for establishing national-level strategies. A multi-level strategic framework that helps a country to develop a collaboration strategy with another country at three different levels is proposed. The nature of the collaboration is investigated with respect to attractiveness at the macro-level (market and technology attractiveness), closeness at the meso-level (degree of existing relationships between the two countries), and strategy at the micro-level (collaboration targets and modes).