Vulnerabilidade à eutrofização de dois lagos tropicais de climas úmido (Cuba) e semiárido (Brasil)

This manuscript compares the eutrophication status and its possible causes in two tropical reservoirs, one in humid climate (La Juventud, Cuba) and the other in semi-arid climate (Marengo, Brazil). After estimating the trophic state of the two reservoirs in rainy and dry seasons, we evaluated the influence of hydrology and of land use on reservoir trophic level. It was found that the semi-arid tropical reservoir was eutrophic, while the reservoir on humid climate was mesotrophic. Considering that there is similar land use in the two basins and that, in the rainy season, the nutrient input in the wet basin is considerably higher than the nutrient input in the semiarid basin, the higher trophic state of the semi-arid basin is surprising. The variable that best explains this phenomenon is the water residence time, which directly influences the phosphorus residence time in the reservoir. The high water residence time in the semiarid basin reservoir (three times that of the reservoir in humid climate) is due as much to the low runoff coefficient (93 versus 595 mm per year in the reservoir in humid climate) as to the excessive water evaporation in the semiarid reservoir (1.2 times that of the reservoir in humid climate). These results indicate that semiarid reservoirs are more vulnerable to eutrophication than reservoirs in humid climate in summer periods and, therefore, the management of their basins should be more restrictive to nutrient production.