Hybrid effect of TiCp and TiBw co-strengthening Ti matrix composites prepared by spark plasma sintering and hot extrusion

Abstract Ti matrix composites singly and hybrid-strengthened by TiC p and TiB w were prepared and their mechanical properties were studied by tensile tests at room temperature. Then, hybrid strengthening effect of TiC p and TiB w was studied by contrastive experimental studies and theoretical calculations. Results showed the high strength of (TiC p  + TiB w )/Ti composites came from the collective reaction of different strengthening factors and that their contributions were TiB whiskers > hybrid effect > grain refinement of matrix > O/N solution > TiC particles in general. Hybrid effect closely depended on the ratio of TiC p to TiB w . With the increase of TiC p /TiB w mole ratio from 1:4 to 4:1, the hybrid effect decreased continuously. This study provided quantitative and quasi-quantitative descriptions on different strengthening factors, and could benefit the chemical and microstructural design of Ti matrix composites with good combination of high strength and favor ductility.