Nuclear Factor-Y and Epstein Barr Virus in Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Purpose: The Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is intimately associated with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in a latent state expressing a limited number of genes. The process of switching from latency to replication is not well understood, particularly in response to DNA stress; hence, the focus of this study is on an EBV-positive NPC model. Experimental Design: C666-1 cells were exposed to radiation (2-15 Gy) or cisplatin (0.1-50 μg/mL) assayed subsequently for relative EBV copy number ( Bam HI) and lytic gene expression ( BRLF1 and BZLF1 ) using quantitative real-time PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was conducted to assess the interaction of the transcription factor nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) with promoter sequences. Results: Radiation-induced and cisplatin-induced Bam HI expression, along with increased levels of BRLF1 and BZLF1 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, associated with the immediate nuclear transactivation of the transcription factor NF-Y and its own increased transcription of NF-Y subunits 8 h posttreatment. In silico analysis revealed three putative NF-Y consensus-binding sequences in the promoter region of BRLF1 , which all interacted with NF-Y in response to radiation and cisplatin, confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Introduction of dominant-negative NF-YA reduced BRLF1 expression after radiation and cisplatin by 2.8-fold; in turn, overexpression of NF-YA resulted in a 2-fold increase in both BRLF1 and BZLF1 expression. Conclusions: These results show that NF-Y is an important mediator of EBV stress response in switching from a latent to lytic state. This novel insight could provide a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance NPC response to radiation and cisplatin.