Automatic Generation of 3D Printable Tactile Paintings for the Visually Impaired

Traditional 3D scanning techniques can be used effectively to replicate solid objects such as statues, to produce low-cost replicas allowed to be touched by visitors. However, such techniques require expensive equipment and precise 3D scanning, also they are unsuitable for rendering 2D paintings as 3D models. In order to address these limitations, we developed a scalable, low-cost solution to produce braille-like readable 3D models of 2D paintings. We directly addressed the problem of rendering the shades of color and brushstrokes styles present in the original painting as an embossed composable surface. We repurposed a technique first used in 1634 by the Italian heraldist Padre Silvestro da Pietrasanta to reproduce the colors of coat of arms with only lines and dots. We acknowledge its simplicity and effectiveness in conveying color information and its feasibility for modern 3D printing. As an extension to the basic color conversion, we included smooth color transition and textural content. With this work we aim at including more people with visual disabilities in experiencing our vast cultural heritage.