First Report of Bovine Anaplasmosis Caused by Anaplasma centrale in Europe

Anaplasma centrale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) is used as a live vaccine for cattle against the pathogenic Anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical areas. Herein we report a clinical case of bovine anaplasmosis associated with A. centrale infection in Italy, together with the first molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of this Anaplasma species or subspecies in Europe.