Mid-late Holocene evolutionary history and climate reconstruction of Vellayani lake, south India

Abstract The lake sediments received significant wide attention for archiving paleoclimate and paleo sea-level variability during late Quaternary period. It has also been extensively used to disentangle the interrelationships existing among the regional and the global climate systems. In the present study, the applicability of lake sediments has been the major impetus to delineate the mid-late Holocene climate and sea level variability using a ∼10 m sediment core retrieved from a protected freshwater lake-the Vellayani lake, southern Kerala, southwest India. The sediment core was studied using multiproxy approach and was chronologically supported by AMS radiocarbon dates. The results show monsoon intensification and a high sea level during 6430−4390 cal yr BP led to the formation of a coastal lagoon system in the area. Study demonstrated marginal reduction in monsoon during 4390−2600 cal yr BP interspersed by an intensified phase during 3800−2600 cal yr BP. Concurrently, a sea regression during 4390−2600 cal yr BP restricted sea water influence in the study area. Proxies indicated a significant monsoon reduction during 2600−1000 cal yr BP followed by monsoon intensification post-1000 cal yr BP. After 2600 cal yr BP, the deposition of a thick pile of alluvium by the Karamana river might have hindered the tidal influence and later the basin has been transformed in to a freshwater lake. The present lake configuration was attained after 440 cal yr BP. Further, comparison of paleoclimate reconstructed from the present study with the global records revealed the existence of a teleconnection of Indian monsoon with the global climate system.