Developing Framework and Strategies for Capacity Building to Apply Evidence-Informed Health Policy-making in Iran: Mixed Methods Study of SAHSHA Project

Background SASHA, which stands for “Evidence-Informed Health Policymaking (EIHP)” in Persian, is a national project to draw a roadmap for strengthening EIHP in Iran. As a part of SASHA, this research aimed to develop evidence-based and context- aware policy options for increasing the capacity of decision-makers to apply EIHP in Iran. Methods This was a qualitative study, which was informed by a literature review of pull efforts’ capacity building programs (CBPs). Based on the review, we developed policy options and validated them through an expert panel that involved twelve experts. Data were analyzed using a content analysis method. Results  We extracted data from 11 articles. The objectives of CBPs were: single-skill development, personal/professional development, and organizational development. According to these objectives, the contents and training methods of the programs vary. CBPs have shown positive impacts on individual knowledge/attitudes to use EIHP. However, the impacts of programs at the organizational or the health system level remain underresearched. We followed several threads from the literature review through to the expert panel that included training the management team, instead of training managers, training for problem-solving skills, and designing tailored programs. Barriers of capacity building for EIHP regard the context of the health system (weak accountability and the widespread conflict of interest) and healthcare organizational structures (decision support systems, knowledge management infrastructures, and lack of management team). Experts suggested interventions on the barriers, particularly on resolving the conflict of interests before launching new programs. A proposed framework to increase the capacity of health policymakers incorporates strategies at three levels: CBP, organizational structure, and health system context. Conclusion  To prepare the context of Iranian healthcare organizations for CBPs, the conflict of interests needs to be resolved, decision- makers should be made more accountable, and healthcare organizations need to provide more knowledge management infrastructures and decision support systems.