Type 2 Cardiorenal Syndrome

The impact of chronic heart disease leading to long term effects in the kidney is known as cardiorenal syndrome type 2 (CRS2). The combination of dysfunction in these two organs is notorious for its significant morbidity. The pathophysiology of CRS2 due to chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) involves hemodynamic factors such as decrease in cardiac output and increase in venous congestion, neurohormonal activation and chronic inflammation while in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) the hallmark of this condition is an increase in right and left sided heart filling pressures, compromised cardiac filling and consequent inadequate stroke volume reserve. Regardless of the initial trigger, fibrosis appears to be the common aftermath of the chronic inflammatory milieu of cardiorenal syndrome.