COMPARISON OF CYTOTOXICITY OF BIODENTINE RETROGRADE FILLING MATERIAL AGAINST MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE AND GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AN INVITRO STUDY.

AIM OF THE STUDY : To compare the cytotoxicity of potential retrograde filling materials against on Human Gingival Fibroblasts cell line by means of the Sulforhodamine B assay . MATERIALS AND METHODS : 9 samples each of Biodentine , Mineral trioxide aggregate Angelus and Glass ionomer cement Type IX were prepared for the study and set at 37 0C in 100% relative humidity for one day . The set materials were immersed in Dulbecco Modified Eagle culture medium for 24 hrs. Fibroblasts cultured in Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium were used as a control group. The test materials extracts were then separated and then tested in culture wells in close proximity to growing cell culture and incubated for 24 hrs & 48 hrs. . Cytotoxicity/ Survival fraction was estimated by Sulforhodamine B assay. One way ANOVA test , Bonferroni test and Paired t test were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the results. RESULTS : Cells exposed to extracts from MTA Angelus and Biodentine showed the highest survival fraction percentage after 24 hrs & 48 hrs at all elute concentrations , whereas cells exposed to Glass-ionomer cement type IX extracts displayed the lowest survival fraction percentage. CONCLUSION: On serial dilution of cement extracts , Survival fraction percentage continued to increase on further dilution and showed better results for cell viability and compatibility of all the root filling materials tested. The degree of cytotoxicity in descending order was Glass-ionomer cement type IX, MTA Angelus & Biodentine in the cell line tested for both 24hr and 48 hrs exposure period of the study INTRODUCTION The primary goal to achieve progress in endodontic surgery is to preserve the tooth by removing all possible periradicular pathosis in order to restore health and function of tooth periodontium. This requires root end resection, the complete curettage of the periapical pathosis and the need for the firm seal of the root apex with the root-end filling material1. Endodontic surgery has proven to be a success over the years and it relies primarily upon the sealing ability of retrograde filling material. This is made possible by the Osteo-proliferative effect of the retrograde filling material that would promote bone formation in close contact with the tissues. Recently, new and improved retrograde filling materials that are calcium silicate based have been introduced1. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Angelus , which contained 80% Portland cement and 20% bismuth oxide, was extensively tested and was found to provide distinctly less cytotoxic effects and better results concerning biocompatibility, microleakage protection, bioactivity with innumerous applications in clinical and surgical dentistry. Ever since it has been brought into the limelight in dental literature, it has been utilized in various treatment options ,such as root-end filling material, pulp capping material and a root or furcal perforation repair material1,29. In spite of the fact that MTA has undergone rigorous testing with exceptional results , the lookout for the most ideal retrograde filling material is still in question. In 2011, Biodentine with active biosilicate technology was introduced by Septodont . Since it lacked many flaws of other bioceramic cements ,it was known to yield only promising benefits especially for its excellent Osteogenic and Biomimetic potential. Its main constituents are Calcium carbonate , Tricalcium silicate , Zirconium oxide and mostly essentially a setting accelerator and a water-reducing agent namely Calcium chloride.Its unique property of being a fast-setting dentine substitute has made it an essential commodity for daily use particularly as a suitable repair material for perforations , as a coronal restoration material and in close proximity with the pulp as a pulp capping agent3. Biodentine is claimed by the manufacturer to possess benefits such as superior sealing ability, biocompatibility, regenerative capabilities and antibacterial properties 28.