On the effective horizontal buoyancy in turbulent thermal convection generated by cell tilting

We consider the situation of a misalignment between the global temperature gradient and gravity in thermal convection. In such a case an effective horizontal buoyancy arises that will significantly influence the transport properties of heat, mass and momentum. It may also change the flow morphology in turbulent convection. In this paper, we present an experimental and numerical study, using Rayleigh–Benard convection as a platform, to explore systematically the effect of horizontal buoyancy on heat transport in turbulent thermal convection. Experimentally, a condition of increasing horizontal Rayleigh number (.