Routing on a Spherical Surface Using Hybrid PSO

Routing on the surface of a sphere is a very interesting new topic. This paper presents a new discrete particle swarm algorithm, ENS-DPSO, to solve the travelling salesman problems on a spherical surface. Differently from previous approaches, ENS-DPSO redefines the path-relinking as velocity and position updating operators, and the hybridization with expanding neighborhood search (ENS) strategy is employed to improve the exploitation capabilities of the method. After visual implementation of the experimental tool in Java with 3D APIs, the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are tested on various instances of random points with promising results.