Lightning origination and thunderstorm ground enhancements terminated by the lightning flash

Proceeding from the measurements of the lightning occurrences, slow and fast electric-field disturbances, particle flux enhancements and their abrupt terminations, we formulate a lightning origination model. Registration of the extensive air shower simultaneously with lightning detection allows us to propose a solution to the long-standing problem of its role in the lightning initiation. Our analysis is based on the numerous Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements detected in 2012–2014 at Mt. Aragats in Armenia.