Bloodstream Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Rasht, Iran

Background: The increasing bloodstream infection mainly in developing countries is one of the most important health care systems concern. And, the choice of antimicrobial treatment for septicemia is often empirical and based on the knowledge of local antimicrobial activity patterns of the most common bacteria causing such bloodstream infections. This study was carried to identify the microbial profile in the blood culture isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study was done at Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran over a period of thirteen months from August 2012 to September 2013. Bacteria were identified by various biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 953 identified isolates, Gram-negative isolates 482 (50.58%) were followed by Grampositive isolates 471 (49.42%). Among Gram-positive organisms Staphylococcus epidermidis was the highest with 255 (54%) records and in Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas spp. was highest with 241 (50%) records. There were 467 (49.0%) positive blood culture reports for males and 487 (51.0%) for females. Pseudomonas spp. (134 reports) and S. epidermidis (162 reports) were the most common pathogens in male and woman, respectively. In 15-44 years old age group, Pseudomonas spp. and in 45-75< years age group, S. epidermidis were identified as the most common. S. epidermidis isolates were more resistant to Erythromycin, Oxacillin and Doxycycline. Pseudomonas spp. isolates had more resistant to imipeneme, amikacin and cefalexin. Conclusion: It can be concluded that bacterial resistance to antibiotics which used against bloodstream infections can make complication in treatment of infection cause by these pathogens.