Relative merit of improving network hosting capacity for renewable generation

Renewable energy is of great importance for China's transition to a sustainable and low-carbon economy. Although installed capacity of wind and solar has experienced a dramatic expansion in China, electricity from renewable generation has been less than expected due to reasons like wind power intermittency, inadequate network capacity and insufficient flexible generators. This paper sets out a formulation to economically compare different solutions for increasing the network hosting capacity for renewable generation in China. The major work can be summarized as: Analysis of renewable energy development in China, as well as main bottlenecks of affecting electricity generation from renewable energy sources. A formulation that quantify the values of solution for improving grid hosting capacity, comparing different solutions to increasing renewable penetration. Evaluation of flexible generators, demand-side response, and network capacity, based on practical scenarios of Chinese electricity system. The need to expand network capacity to avoid network congestion and accommodate renewable generation and the associated cost implications. The implication of cost differences in using wind energy from different provinces.