A review of biomass-derived heterogeneous catalyst for a sustainable biodiesel production

Biodiesel production is commonly carried out through the process of transesterification reaction. The reaction is expedited with a suitable catalyst either homogeneous or heterogeneous. The selection of an appropriate catalyst depends on the amount of free fatty acids in the oil. Recently, homogeneous catalysts are widely chosen for biodiesel production in large scale operation. However, they are toxic, highly flammable and corrosive in nature.