Design of a dual ERK5 kinase activation and autophosphorylation inhibitor to block cancer stem cell activity.

Abstract The importance of ERK5 kinase signaling in tumorigenicity, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been recognized recently, and we report a unique dual inhibitor that blocks binding of the ERK5 activator and ERK5 autophosphorylation simultaneously. The conventional ATP-binding site inhibitors have not yet yielded expected level of anti-cancer effects, due to complexities in converting ERK5 activation into CSC biological effects. We designed the first ERK5-targeted anti-CSC dual active hetero-bivalent inhibitor that blocks the regulatory peptide interaction involved in ERK5 kinase activation and that simultaneously inhibits the conventional ATP-binding pocket as well. We utilized two assay systems to independently prove disruption of these two ERK5 activities via a single compound. We also showed that this compound inhibited CSC activities, such as colony formation, cell proliferation, and migration.