A descriptive analysis of psychological factors and childhood trauma in a sample of suicide attempters

Introduction Childhood trauma, especially sexual abuse, is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior. However, studies also show that according to the stress-vulnerability model, not all individual exposed to this kind of trauma exhibit suicidal behaviors as some protective factors could diminish the aforementioned risk, such as personality factors. Resilience might be one such a protective factor. Furthermore, there has been growing evidence to support the role of impulsive and aggressive behavior in the risk of suicide. Objectives To compare suicide attempters to non-suicide attempters (patients admitted for any other reason) for as far as psychological features and childhood trauma. To verify the role of resilience and coping strategies as protective factor for suicide attempt, mitigating the risk of an individual who has experienced childhood trauma. Methods We recruited patients referred to the inpatient and outpatient facilities of psychiatry ward of “Maggiore della Carita” hospital in Novara during the period November 2015–December 2016. We included all patients from 18 to 65 years with a psychiatric disorder that met DSM–5 diagnostic criteria. For the analysis, we divided patients into two subgroups according to the presence/absence of suicidal behaviors. The assessment included: Resilience Scale for Adult (RSA), Brief cope, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), temperament and character inventory (TCI). Results and discussion Although, the recruitment is still ongoing preliminary results seem to confirm the role of resilience and coping strategies as protective factor mitigating the risk of an individual who has experienced childhood trauma from making a suicide attempt.