Inhibition of Bacterial Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation by Extracts of Neotropical Rainforest Plants
2014
Bacterial biofilms are responsible for many persistent infections by many
clinically relevant pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilms are much more resistant to
conventional antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. Quorum sensing,
an intercellular communication system, controls pathogenesis and biofilm
formation in most bacterial species. Quorum sensing provides an important
pharmacological target since its inhibition does not provide a selective
pressure for resistance. In this study, we investigated the quorum sensing
and biofilm inhibitory activities of 126 plant extracts from 71 species
collected from neotropical rainforests in Costa Rica. Quorum sensing and
biofilm interference were assessed using a modified disc diffusion bioassay
with Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12 472 and a spectrophotometric
bioassay with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, respectively. Species with
significant anti-quorum sensing and/or anti-biofilm activities belonged to
the Meliaceae, Melastomataceae, Lepidobotryaceae, Sapindaceae, and
Simaroubaceae families. IC 50 values ranged from 45 to 266 µg/mL.
Extracts of these active species could lead to future development of
botanical treatments for biofilm-associated infections.
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