Warrior powers from an underwater spirit: Cultural and linguistic aspects of an illustrated Meskwaki text

A Meskwaki (Fox) text written around 1912 by Alfred Kiyana in the Meskwaki syllabary is presented here, with interlinear glosses and translation. Of particular interest are Kiyana's illustrations, depicting an underwater spirit and a winged spirit. A number of the cultural and linguistic features of the text are also discussed.