Effect of film thickness on electrochromic performance of sol-gel deposited tungsten oxide (WO3)

Abstract In recent year, considerable interest has been addressed towards the high energy usage in buildings for indoor comfort due to the less energy efficient windows. Electrochromic (EC) smart window is a new technology that is capable of changing from transparent to opaque and has the potential in energy saving applications. Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is a transition metal oxide with a wide range of applications which include electrochromic (EC) smart windows, displays and rear-view mirrors. In EC smart windows, WO 3 is the key element where it is responsible for the colouring and bleaching of the device. Therefore the properties of WO 3 will affect the EC performance. In this work, WO 3 films were deposited on tin doped indium oxide (ITO) coated glasses via the sol-gel spin-coating technique. The WO 3 film thicknesses were varied by means of number of deposited layers. The film thickness, morphological, structural, optical and EC properties were characterised by using step profilometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) measurements, respectively.