Isolation and Functional Analysis of Effector Proteins of Magnaporthe oryzae.

In nature, plants have evolved a myriad of preformed and induced defenses to protect themselves from microbes. Upon microbial infection, the recognition of the microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers the first stage of defense response (Dodds and Rathjen, Nat Rev Genet 11:539-548, 2010). However, in order to develop microbial delivery, effectors target PRRs for deregulating immune responses and facilitating host colonization (Thomma et al., Plant Cell 23:4-15, 2011). Here, we contribute a protocol for the screening system of Magnaporthe oryzae effectors and construct a fluorescent system to trace secretory proteins in the sheath infection samples. Using the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) system, the proteins including LysM, Chitin, Cutinase, and CFEM domains were selected and divided into two kinds according to the results of cell death induced or inhibited test in Nicotiana benthamiana. Then, candidate effectors can be deleted or overexpressed in M. oryzae. The barley or rice infection with M. oryzae, rice leaf sheath inoculation, and subcellular localization during infection can be performed to explore the functions of these effectors.