Giant energy density in [001]-textured Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics

Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) based compositions have been challenging to texture or grow in a single crystal form due to the incongruent melting point of ZrO2. Here we demonstrate the method for achieving 90% textured PZT-based ceramics and further show that it can provide highest known energy density in piezoelectric materials through enhancement of piezoelectric charge and voltage coefficients (d and g). Our method provides more than ∼5× increase in the ratio d(textured)/d(random). A giant magnitude of d·g coefficient with value of 59 000 × 10−15 m2 N−1 (comparable to that of the single crystal counterpart and 359% higher than that of the best commercial compositions) was obtained.