The reverse Kakeya problem

We prove a generalization of Pal's 1921 conjecture that if a convex shape P can be placed in any orientation inside a convex shape Q in the plane, then P can also be turned continuously through 360° inside Q. We also prove a lower bound of Omega(m n^{2}) on the number of combinatorially distinct maximal placements of a convex m-gon P in a convex n-gon Q. This matches the upper bound proven by Agarwal et al.