Testicular hypertrophy as predictor of contralateral nonpalpable testis among Chinese boys: An 18-year retrospective study.

Abstract Objective To assess the accuracy of contralateral testis hypertrophy for predicting the fate of nonpalpable testis in Chinese boys at different ages. Methods The data of patients who presented with unilateral impalpable testis and who underwent laparoscopy at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2018 were reviewed. The boys were divided into four groups: age-matched volunteers with no testicular abnormalities represented the control group (group I), boys with palpable undescended testis (group II), boys with nonpalpable testis (NPT)/viable testis (VT) (group III), and boys with NPT/non-viable testis (NVT) group (group IV). Scrotal testes were prospectively measured by ultrasonography for volume and size, and diagnostic laparoscopy was performed to determine the state of the cryptorchid testis. Results The mean contralateral testicular volume and length in the boys with an absent testis was 0.78 mL and 17 mm compared with 0.67 mL and 15 mm in the boys with a testis present and 0.63 mL and 15 mm in the controls, respectively (P  Conclusion The present results exclusively obtained from laparoscopic exploration suggest that a testis volume of > 0.65 mL or a testis length of > 16.55 mm could predict monarchism with an accuracy of about 65%. In younger patients aged 0–2 years and 4–6 years, the overall predictive accuracy increases to about 73% but laparoscopic exploration is still required.