How to Fight Against Capitalism (1867–1883): Concept of “Metabolism” Within the Later Thought of Marx

This chapter draws on research regarding Marx’s notes on extracts from works he read in the later years of his life to illustrate his thought at the time. The chapter describes how he further developed the ideas he had obtained through writing Capital in order to establish what might be called a “material metabolism of thought.” It was during this time that Marx completely broke free from modernistic notions to move toward a magnificent conception of social transformation through resisting capital on a planetary scale, encompassing ideas related to ecology, the premodern community, and gender.