Three-dimensional virtual-real mapping of aircraft automatic spray operation and online simulation monitoring

Abstract Background This study aims at addressing the lack of closed-loop feedback optimizationenabling tool in aircraft automatic spraying systems; we systematically analyze a three-dimensional (3D) virtual-real mapping technique, namely the digital twin technique, used by the automatic spraying system. Methods With the sensors installed in the spraying system, the spraying working parameters are collected online and are used for driving the 3D virtual spraying system to realize the total-factor monitoring of the spraying operation. Furthermore, the operation-evaluation model is applied for analyzing and managing the key indexes of the spraying quality; once the data value of the key indexes exceeds a threshold, the operation shall be optimized automatically. Results This approach can effectively support the high-efficiency analysis, evaluation, and optimization of the spraying process.