A Comprehensive Review on Axial Flux Machines and Its Applications

This paper presents a thorough review concerning the design types of axial flux permanent magnet machines (AFPM) in terms of different features such as construction, design, materials, and manufacturing. Particular emphasis is given on the design and its effect on the performance AFPM machines. First of all, early and modern axial flux machines are mentioned. Secondly, rotor construction of different axial flux machines is described, then different stator constructions are mentioned depending upon the presence of slots and stator back iron. Then, according to the arrangement of the rotor stator structure, the machines are classified into single, double, and multi-stack arrangements. Advantages, disadvantages, and applications of each type of rotor and stator are pointed out. Finally, on the basis of the reviewed literature merits, demerits, features and application of different axial flux machines structures are explained and clarified. Thus, this paper provides connection between the machines that are currently being used in industry and the developments of AFPM throughout the years.